Conflicts in the Middle East have been in the international spotlight for decades, with complex and varied causes. One of the main factors is the history of colonialism which left national boundaries that did not reflect the ethnic and religious identities of existing groups. For example, the divisions imposed by Western powers after World War I created states that often ignored local traditions and caused tensions between different groups. Another factor that exacerbates the conflict is religious disputes between Sunnis and Shiites. This competition has encouraged the emergence of various militant groups trying to establish their dominance. A clear example is the tension between Iran, which is seen as a Shiite power, and Saudi Arabia, which represents Sunnis, which often results in military intervention and support for certain groups in countries such as Syria and Yemen. Economics also plays an important role in existing conflicts. Natural resources, especially oil, have attracted external interference from large countries with strategic interests. Countries such as the United States and Russia are involved in regional politics to maintain access to these resources, often ignoring the long-term impact on regional stability. Internal conflicts in countries such as Syria and Iraq are also exacerbated by the presence of extremist groups such as ISIS, which exploit instability to expand their influence. The UN and other international organizations face major challenges in mediating these two conflicts, which often involve multiple third party interests. To find sustainable solutions, a multi-dimensional approach is needed. Dialogue between ethnic and religious groups must be prioritized to build trust and minimize tensions. In addition, equitable economic reforms need to be implemented to reduce dependence on oil and move towards a more stable economic diversification. Education is also the key to overcoming long-term conflict. Educating young people about tolerance, human rights, and intercultural cooperation can reduce the potential for future conflict. Support from countries outside the Middle East is also vital to help create a just and sustainable peace. Through international collaboration involving relevant parties, there may be hope of achieving a resolution that not only ends the conflict, but also promotes inclusive social and economic development in the region.